Olson argues you can separate "diffuse interests," the majority, from "concentrated interests," minority interests. For example, trade policy is made interest groups, lobbying the government for tariffs on imports from foreign countries. This would result in higher prices on these items. A majority of people might be opposed to this, but since the minority interests are more concentrated, they will work harder to lobby the government. The majority interests are diffuse and not organized

I believe this passage means that the reason minorities rule, is due to the fact that they are more concentrated so they are more organized and are more able to be heard by political parties and agencies that can benefit their cause. Minority groups are more concentrated to to an area where they can find other individuals who share their interest and are able to gather more supporters. Where majorities, are more scattered and are less likely to organize and get the attention and support of political parties, they are less likely to share the same interest and have the ability to get support of desired audience. 

I choose this passage because I found it interesting that minorities are most likely to be heard than majorities when the norm is the opposite, majority rules. I'm guessing this is the case because minorities are able to stuck together and come up with plans and tactics that a huge group might find it difficult to agree on.

I choose Brown vs. The Board of Education. This case was about a father, Oliver Brown who's daughter Linda Brown was denied access to/ into an elementary school at the time the law for equal rights was passed, and so a law of ' equal but separate' was put in place. This law stated that if racially separated facilities where equally equipped, then the Constitution's 14 th amendment was being upheld. I chose this because I believe it has played an important role in our current system and it has improved the education, self value and the ability to equal opportunities as whites and I believe that could've been a reason why it was put into law, despite the fact that it took a while to pass and even though it was passed not every facility had followed it at the time.

In his lawsuit, Brown claimed that schools for black children were not equal to the white schools, and that segregation violated the so-called “equal protection clause” of the 14th Amendment, which holds that no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

This was upheld by being heard by the U.S District Court of Kansas where the ruling was granted that African Americans could share the same pubic spaces as whites because of the negative impact segregation had on African American children and that, in fact the education received was different depending on race.